| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*sap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to leave the way, go astray, deviate 2 sideway 3 dodge, trick | face="Times New Roman Star"1 óõîäèòü ñ äîðîãè, îòêëîíÿòüñÿ 2 îêîëüíàÿ äîðîãà 3 óëîâêà, òðþê |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 (AH, CCum.) , sapa 'deviating' (Pav. C.), sapaq 2 (Vam.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap 3, sap- 'to change' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sup- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 402, EDT 784, ÝÑÒß 7, Àøì. XI, 187, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 64. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sa.p- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to thread a needle 2 needle | face="Times New Roman Star"âäåâàòü íèòêó, ïðîòûêàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- (OUygh.) 'to graft' | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- (MK) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sap- | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- (R) 1, sap (Pav. C.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sap 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1, sap 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sap 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"syp- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sap- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"hap- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sap- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 784, VEWT 401-402. Turk. > Bur. hab 'sinew thread' (unattested Mong. sab > Yak. sap 'thread'). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to sell | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðîäàâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|t- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sot- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- (in aty:, atastas-) | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"hat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"sat- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 798-799, VEWT 405, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 67, Ëåêñèêà 335, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 38, 39. Turk. > Hung. szato/cz 'salesman' (< *satyg|-c?y), see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*silk- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to shake | face="Times New Roman Star"òðÿñòè, âñòðÿõèâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"silk- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"silk- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"silk- | face="Times New Roman Star"si>lk- | face="Times New Roman Star"silk- (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"silki- | face="Times New Roman Star"silki- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"silk- | face="Times New Roman Star"silk- | face="Times New Roman Star"si>li>k- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"silki- | face="Times New Roman Star"silk- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ilk- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"silki- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"silk- | face="Times New Roman Star"silki- | face="Times New Roman Star"silk- | face="Times New Roman Star"hi>lk- | face="Times New Roman Star"silk- | face="Times New Roman Star"silk- | face="Times New Roman Star"silk- | face="Times New Roman Star"silki- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"silk- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 826, VEWT 422, ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to sink, submerge | face="Times New Roman Star"óõîäèòü â çåìëþ, ïîãðóæàòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sin- | face="Times New Roman Star"si>n|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"syn|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"syn|- 'to fit into' | face="Times New Roman Star"syn|- 'to fit into' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?únús/- | face="Times New Roman Star"in|- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sin|-; syn|- 'to fit into' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"hi>n|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 833-834, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 43, ÝÑÒß 7. The Khak., Shor and Tuva forms may have been influenced by *syg- 'to fit into' (v. sub *si>/gu/). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"possess. suffix (3d person) | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèòÿæàòåëüíûé ñóôôèêñ 3-ãî ëèöà | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-s?@ | face="Times New Roman Star"-ta |
| face="Times New Roman Star"-zy | face="Times New Roman Star"-zy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-hy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy | face="Times New Roman Star"-sy |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*sol- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to wilt, wither | face="Times New Roman Star"âÿíóòü, ÷àõíóòü, áëåêíóòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"solus?- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sol- | face="Times New Roman Star"sul- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so.l- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sol-, solux- | face="Times New Roman Star"sol- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"suo:luq- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"solu- | face="Times New Roman Star"sol- | face="Times New Roman Star"sol- | face="Times New Roman Star"huly- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sol-, solu- | face="Times New Roman Star"sol-, solu- | face="Times New Roman Star"sol-, soly- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sol-, solu- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 828, VEWT 427, ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*so:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"left | face="Times New Roman Star"ëåâûé | face="Times New Roman Star"sol (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sol (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"sul | face="Times New Roman Star"sol (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so.l | face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"sol, so"l | face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"so:l | face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"sol |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sol |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"hul | face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"sol |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sol | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 824, VEWT 426, ÝÑÒß 7. Also *so:lak, whence WMong. solag|ai, Kalm. solg|a": (KW 330, Ùåðáàê 1997, 166), whence again Kaz. solaqaj etc. (VEWT 427). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*son| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"back, end, after | face="Times New Roman Star"çàäíÿÿ ÷àñòü, êîíåö, ïîçàäè | face="Times New Roman Star"son| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"son| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"son | face="Times New Roman Star"su>n| | face="Times New Roman Star"son| (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|n| | face="Times New Roman Star"son| | face="Times New Roman Star"son| | face="Times New Roman Star"son | face="Times New Roman Star"son| | face="Times New Roman Star"son| | face="Times New Roman Star"so:n, so: | face="Times New Roman Star"son| | face="Times New Roman Star"soj |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"son|, so: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"son| | face="Times New Roman Star"son| | face="Times New Roman Star"son| | face="Times New Roman Star"hun| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sonu | face="Times New Roman Star"son|, son | face="Times New Roman Star"son| | face="Times New Roman Star"son | face="Times New Roman Star"son| | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 832-833, VEWT 428, TMN 3, 337, ÝÑÒß 7. Cf. also Karakh. (MK) syn|arsuk 'back side of the horse'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*syb | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"water | face="Times New Roman Star"âîäà | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ub (Orkh.), sub, suv (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suv (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"syw | face="Times New Roman Star"su (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suv | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"suv | face="Times New Roman Star"sug| | face="Times New Roman Star"sug| | face="Times New Roman Star"su: | face="Times New Roman Star"suw | face="Times New Roman Star"s?yv | face="Times New Roman Star"u:; utax 'thirst' < *sub-sak | face="Times New Roman Star"u: | face="Times New Roman Star"sug| | face="Times New Roman Star"sug| | face="Times New Roman Star"su: | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"suw | face="Times New Roman Star"hyw | face="Times New Roman Star"su: | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"suw | face="Times New Roman Star"su | face="Times New Roman Star"suw | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 431, TMN 3, 281-2, EDT 783-4, Ëåêñèêà 88, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 247. The reconstruction of *y is conditioned by the Chuv. palatalization. Cf. also *sybu- 'to become watery', *sybu-k 'watery, liquid' (ÝÑÒß 7). Other Common Turkic derivatives are *syb-sy- 'to become watery' and *syb-sa- 'to be(come) thirsty', see the analysis in ÝÑÒß 7 and EDT 792. The derivative *syb-sy 'a watery decoction' (not attested as such, but cf. OT suvsus? id. (EDT 792)) was borrowed in Mong. as sub(a)su id. (L 733), Khalkha suvs 'watery'. Modern Kypchak and Siberian forms like Chag. susyn, Kirgh. su:sun etc. may reflect a secondary loan from Mongolian. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ta>p- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to find | face="Times New Roman Star"íàõîäèòü, âñòðå÷àòü | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"tap-, dap- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to|p- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"top- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- 'to hit the target' | face="Times New Roman Star"taptar- 'sich fangen lassen' | face="Times New Roman Star"typ- | face="Times New Roman Star"ty'p- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"ta'p- (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"tap- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 462, EDT 435, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 248, Stachowski 217. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dAk- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to bind to, add to | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèâÿçûâàòü, ïðèêðåïëÿòü | face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (MK - Oghuz) | face="Times New Roman Star"tak- | face="Times New Roman Star"taq- | face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (Sangl., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"taq-, dial. Xwar. daq- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tax- | face="Times New Roman Star"daq- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (dial. - Áàñê. Òóáà) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"taq- | face="Times New Roman Star"taq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"taq- | face="Times New Roman Star"taq- | face="Times New Roman Star"daq- | face="Times New Roman Star"taq- | face="Times New Roman Star"taq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"taq- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 456, EDT 464, ÝÑÒß 3, 129-130. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*top | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"all, completely; complex, collection | face="Times New Roman Star"âåñü, öåëèêîì; ñîâîêóïíîñòü | face="Times New Roman Star"top (OUygh.), top-la- 'to collect' (Orkh., OUygh. - YB) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"tuplyq 'place where cattle is lying', tupla- 'to collect' | face="Times New Roman Star"top (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.p | face="Times New Roman Star"top |
| face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"top |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tobo:- 'to gather' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"tup |
| face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"top |
| face="Times New Roman Star"topla- 'to collect' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 489, EDT 493. Clauson considers the form top (rare in OUygh.) to be contracted < tolp < tolup < tol- 'to be full', which is quite dubious phonetically. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*top | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"round thing | face="Times New Roman Star"øàð, ìÿ÷ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"top (MK, IM), topyq (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"tup | face="Times New Roman Star"top, tofuq (Sangl.); (MKypch.) topurc?aq 'round' (CCum.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.p | face="Times New Roman Star"top, dop |
| face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"top |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tuop | face="Times New Roman Star"tubú |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"top, dop | face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"tup | face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"top |
| face="Times New Roman Star"top | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 489, EDT 434, 437, TMN 2, 596-597, Åãîðîâ 258, Àøì. XIV, 143-144, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 249. One should also note OT tevir- 'to twist, turn' - probably a contamination of *top and *ebu"r- (OT evir-) id. (see EDT 443). Words meaning 'cone' reflect a partial contamination with PT *Tobur- 'cone' (v. sub *t`obu/). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tor | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"net for catching birds or fish | face="Times New Roman Star"ñåòü | face="Times New Roman Star"tor (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tor (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"tor |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tor (Abush., Sangl.) 'net, hair net' | face="Times New Roman Star"to.r | face="Times New Roman Star"tor |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tor | face="Times New Roman Star"tor |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tu:%r |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tor | face="Times New Roman Star"tor |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tur |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tor |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tor | face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 2, No 954, EDT 528, Ëåêñèêà 419-420. The relationship to *dur/ak 'trap' (ÝÑÒß 3, 289-290, Ëåêñèêà 420-421) is not quite clear. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to grasp | face="Times New Roman Star"äåðæàòü, õâàòàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- (MK, KB, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tot- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- (Sangl., Abush., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyt- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tu't- | face="Times New Roman Star"tu't- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tot- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"tut- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 502, EDT 451, Åãîðîâ 268-269, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 268-269, Stachowski 233. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ur | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"growth, excrescence | face="Times New Roman Star"íàðîñò, îïóõîëü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ur | face="Times New Roman Star"u>ry |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ur |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ur | face="Times New Roman Star"ur |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ur |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uru |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ur | face="Times New Roman Star"u>ra | face="Times New Roman Star"ury | face="Times New Roman Star"u>ru> |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 598-599. Turk. > Mong. ur id. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*u:c? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"end, edge | face="Times New Roman Star"êîíåö, êðàé | face="Times New Roman Star"uc? (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"uc? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"uc? | face="Times New Roman Star"u>c? | face="Times New Roman Star"uc? (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"uc? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uc? | face="Times New Roman Star"uz?| | face="Times New Roman Star"u:c? | face="Times New Roman Star"us | face="Times New Roman Star"uc? | face="Times New Roman Star"uc? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|s/ | face="Times New Roman Star"uhuk | face="Times New Roman Star"uhuk | face="Times New Roman Star"us? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uc? | face="Times New Roman Star"u>s? | face="Times New Roman Star"us? | face="Times New Roman Star"u>s |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uc? | face="Times New Roman Star"uc? | face="Times New Roman Star"us? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 17-18, ÝÑÒß 1, 611-612, Stachowski 241. The derived *u:c?-yk 'end (of thread etc.)' (ÝÑÒß 1, 615-616) > Mong. uc?ig 'end of thread') (despite TMN 2, 135). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*s[e]go"l ( / *so"gil) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"wart | face="Times New Roman Star"áîðîäàâêà | face="Times New Roman Star"so"go"l (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sigil (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sigil | face="Times New Roman Star"so"ja"l | face="Times New Roman Star"sigil, su"ku"l, su"ja"l (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"suga"l | face="Times New Roman Star"so"ga"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"zijil | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"so":l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"so":l | face="Times New Roman Star"sijil | face="Times New Roman Star"s?úw|klúw|, s?@w|g@w|l (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"so":l | face="Times New Roman Star"so":l | face="Times New Roman Star"so":l | face="Times New Roman Star"su"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"hu">ja"l |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"vel | face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jel |
| face="Times New Roman Star"su"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 429, EDT 820, ÝÑÒß 7. Some irregularities are due to the root's expressive nature. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 order 2 announcement, call 3 judge 4 law, justice | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðèêàç 2 îáúÿâëåíèå, êëè÷ 3 ñóäüÿ 4 çàêîí, ïðàâîñóäèå | face="Times New Roman Star"jar-lyg| 1,2 (OUygh.), jarg|an 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar-lyg| 1,2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jar, z?|ar 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jar 2, jarlyq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jar 2 (Abush.), jar-lyg| 1,2 (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jarg|u 4, dial. z?|ar 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jarlyq 1, dial. z?|ar 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"d/ar 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/yrlúx 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 188-9, EDT 966-7, ÝÑÒß 4, 18-20 (one can hardly agree with Clauson that jarlyg| is a loan from an unknown source). Mong. loans from Turk. are widely spread: Mong. z?|ar 'announcement', z?|arqu, z?|arg|u 'judgement, court', z?|arliq 'order', z?|arg|uc?i 'judge' (see TMN 1, 278, 4, 58-66, 157, Ùåðáàê 1997, 123). |
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